What are the signs of High Cholesterol ?

What are the signs of High Cholesterol ?

High cholesterol is often dubbed a "silent" condition because it rarely exhibits symptoms until significant damage has occurred. If left unmanaged, it can lead to serious health concerns such as heart attacks and strokes. Regular cholesterol screenings and recognizing potential warning signs are crucial to safeguarding your health.

Understanding High Cholesterol

Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance essential for building cells and producing hormones. However, excessive cholesterol levels in the bloodstream can cause plaque to build up in arteries, restricting blood flow and increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Types of Cholesterol

Not all cholesterol is harmful. Here's a breakdown of the key types.

• Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)- Known as "bad cholesterol," LDL contributes to plaque buildup in arteries.
• High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)- Referred to as "good cholesterol," HDL removes excess cholesterol and transports it to the liver for disposal.
• Triglycerides- Another type of blood fat, high levels combined with high LDL and low HDL levels elevate the risk of complications.

How Cholesterol Is Measured

A blood test called a lipid panel measures:

• LDL levels
• HDL levels
• Total cholesterol
• Triglycerides

This test helps doctors assess cardiovascular risk and guide treatment strategies.

Physical Signs of High Cholesterol

In its early stages, high cholesterol typically presents no noticeable symptoms. However, in advanced cases or when cardiovascular complications arise, symptoms may include:

• Xanthomas- Fatty deposits under the skin or around the eyelids.
• Arcus Corneae- A gray or white ring around the cornea.
• Chest Pain- Often due to restricted blood flow caused by plaque buildup.

Risk Factors for High Cholesterol

High cholesterol can result from lifestyle choices, genetics, or underlying health conditions.

Lifestyle Factors

• Diets rich in saturated and trans fats.
• Lack of physical activity.
• Smoking, which lowers HDL and damages blood vessels.
• Obesity or being overweight.
• Excessive alcohol consumption.

Genetic Factors

Conditions like familial hypercholesterolemia cause very high cholesterol levels from a young age, requiring early intervention.

Medical Conditions

• Diabetes
• Hypothyroidism
• Chronic kidney disease
• Autoimmune conditions like lupus

Preventing and Managing High Cholesterol

Proactive measures can help reduce cholesterol levels and lower cardiovascular risks.

Lifestyle Changes

• Eat a heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein.
• Avoid trans fats and limit saturated fats.
• Exercise regularly (150 minutes of moderate activity per week).
• Quit smoking and moderate alcohol intake.

Routine Screenings

• Adults aged 20+ should have their cholesterol levels checked every 4 to 6 years.
• High-risk individuals and children with a family history of high cholesterol should get tested more frequently.

Medical Treatment

When lifestyle changes aren’t enough, medications like statins can help reduce LDL levels. Other treatments, such as PCSK9 inhibitors, may be prescribed for specific cases.

Conclusion

While high cholesterol is often silent, its consequences can be severe. Regular screenings and a proactive approach to lifestyle changes are essential for prevention and management. By staying informed and consulting with healthcare professionals, you can take control of your cholesterol levels and protect your heart health. Don’t wait for symptoms start taking preventive steps today.